In a climate that is determined to minimize the existence of systemic racism, facts matter.

On Tuesday, the Scientific American shared the story of Clifford Harper, a professor, prolific academic, and author of several books. Four years ago, Harper, then 85, began retreating from activities that were once routine. His wife, Linda Kostalik, also noticed he was increasingly forgetful. Through a series of tests and brain scans, it was revealed that Harper had dementia.

Harper was then asked by his neurologist at Oregon Health Sciences University (OHSU) if he would participate in a years-long study of dementia among African Americans, the African American Dementia and Aging Project (AADAPt). “I hope it will help other men like me,” Harper told the Scientific American.

While stories of diminished brain function are often written off as a downside to aging, Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia have been increasingly normalized for Americans — particularly for Black Americans.  

As for why Black Americans are impacted more than white Americans, there are several reasons: from poor air quality in low-income neighborhoods and limited access to quality healthcare, to lifelong stressors and anxieties that come with being discriminated against.

 “Not only are there health disparities around rates of Alzheimer’s, but we’ve understudied the Black population in relation to the causes,” says Andrea Rosso to the outlet, an epidemiologist at the University of Pittsburgh.

Pollution is a major culprit. Tiny particles found in poor quality air, don’t just mess with your lungs—they can trigger heart problems and even affect the brain, creating changes linked to Alzheimer’s. High blood pressure, obesity, and limited access to healthy food or safe spaces to exercise, and the risks pile up.

It’s not just about age or genetics—social and environmental factors play a huge role. However, the goal of the study wasn’t just to track higher risk factors but also to prevent and find ways to improve early diagnosis.

Strong education, supportive communities, and staying socially connected can build what researchers call “cognitive reserve”—basically, mental backup power that helps delay or reduce decline.

The big takeaway? Tackling Alzheimer’s disparities isn’t just about telling individuals to eat better or exercise more. It means cleaner air, fairer access to healthcare and education, more investment in underserved communities, and ensuring Black Americans are part of Alzheimer’s research. 

Real progress will come from changing systems, not just habits.